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      <a href="/2017/02/24/angular-free-5-http-error-code-handle/" title="玩转Angular1(5)--$http服务封装为异常处理服务" itemprop="url">玩转Angular1(5)--$http服务封装为异常处理服务</a>
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    <time datetime="2017-02-24T11:43:49.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2017-02-24</time>
    更新日期:<time datetime="2017-07-14T13:03:24.480Z" itemprop="dateModified">2017-07-14</time>
    
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			<strong class="toc-title">文章目录</strong>
		<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#http"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">$http</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Promise"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Promise</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#angular的-http服务"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">angular的$http服务</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#异常处理服务"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">异常处理服务</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#位于data中的错误码"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">位于data中的错误码</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#位于http状态码中的错误码"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">位于http状态码中的错误码</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#异常处理函数errCodeHandler"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">异常处理函数errCodeHandler</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#封装易用的qHttp服务"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">封装易用的qHttp服务</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#包含异常处理的qHttp服务"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">包含异常处理的qHttp服务</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#对method提供简单调用"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">对method提供简单调用</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol>
		</div>
		
		<p>AngularJS(v1.5.8)已经成为项目们的基本框架，《玩转Angular1》系列用于记录项目中的一些好玩或者比较特别的思路。<br>本文记录在angular中简单介绍了Promise，以及使用$http服务进行些简单封装、进行错误码处理的过程。<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<h2 id="http"><a href="#http" class="headerlink" title="$http"></a>$http</h2><hr>
<h3 id="Promise"><a href="#Promise" class="headerlink" title="Promise"></a>Promise</h3><ul>
<li>什么是Promise</li>
</ul>
<p>一个Promise对象代表一个目前还不可用，但是在未来的某个时间点可以被解析的值。它允许你以一种同步的方式编写异步代码。<br>Promises将嵌套的callback，改造成一系列的.then的连缀调用，去除了层层缩进的糟糕代码风格。</p>
<ul>
<li>Promises/A规范</li>
</ul>
<p>promise表示一个最终值，该值由一个操作完成时返回。</p>
<p>promise有三种状态：未完成(unfulfilled)，完成(fulfilled)和失败(failed)。<br>promise的状态只能由未完成转换成完成，或者未完成转换成失败。<br>promise的状态转换只发生一次。</p>
<h3 id="angular的-http服务"><a href="#angular的-http服务" class="headerlink" title="angular的$http服务"></a>angular的$http服务</h3><p>$http是AngularJS中的一个核心服务，通过浏览器的XMLHttpRequest对象或者JSONP，用于读取远程服务器的数据。<br>$http服务是基于$q服务上的拓展。</p>
<p>$q服务是基于Promises/A+规范的异步运行服务，可视为angular的Promise服务吧。</p>
<p>$http服务的使用很简单，提供一些描述请求的参数，请求就出去了，然后返回一个扩充了success方法和error方法的promise对象，你可以在这个对象中添加需要的回调函数。</p>
<p>至于$http的具体使用，大家可以参考<a href="https://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng/service/$http" target="_blank" rel="external">官方文档</a>。</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 简单的GET请求:</span></div><div class="line">$http(&#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">method</span>: <span class="string">'GET'</span>,</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">url</span>: <span class="string">'/someUrl'</span></div><div class="line">&#125;).then(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">successCallback</span>(<span class="params">response</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="comment">// 成功回调</span></div><div class="line">  &#125;, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">errorCallback</span>(<span class="params">response</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="comment">// 失败回调</span></div><div class="line">  &#125;);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>回调中传入的response参数里面有：</p>
<ul>
<li>data – {string|Object} – 回调数据</li>
<li>status – {number} – Http状态码</li>
<li>headers – {function([headerName])}</li>
<li>config – {Object}</li>
<li>statusText – {string}</li>
</ul>
<p>利用返回的数据和Http状态码，我们可以进行一些通用的异常处理。</p>
<h2 id="异常处理服务"><a href="#异常处理服务" class="headerlink" title="异常处理服务"></a>异常处理服务</h2><hr>
<h3 id="位于data中的错误码"><a href="#位于data中的错误码" class="headerlink" title="位于data中的错误码"></a>位于data中的错误码</h3><p>有些时候，后台会通过data中某个code参数返回我们的错误码，此时data中的json对象为：</p>
<figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&#123;</div><div class="line">    "code":"0103010112", // 为0时则为正确</div><div class="line">    "data":""</div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这时候我们就需要拿到data之后再进行异常处理。</p>
<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">$http(config).then(res =&gt; errCodeHandler(res)).then(res =&gt; res.data).catch(res =&gt; &#123; <span class="keyword">throw</span> (<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Error</span>(<span class="string">'error response'</span>)); &#125;);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>可以看到，我们在$http服务发送后拿到Promise，然后进行异常处理之后，再提取出data数据返回。<br>这里需要注意的是，因为我们并没有在promise链中提供失败回调，这里我们也可以通过在链的尾部添加catch来进行错误处理。</p>
<h3 id="位于http状态码中的错误码"><a href="#位于http状态码中的错误码" class="headerlink" title="位于http状态码中的错误码"></a>位于http状态码中的错误码</h3><p>还有些时候，后台会直接通过data中返回我们的错误码，此时data中的json对象为：</p>
<figure class="highlight json"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">"data"</span>: <span class="string">"0103010112"</span></div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这时候我们需要通过http状态码来判断，我们拿到的data，到底是数据呢，还是错误码。</p>
<figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">$http(config).then(res =&gt; errCodeHandler(res)).then(res =&gt; res.data).catch(res =&gt; &#123; errCodeHandler(res); <span class="keyword">throw</span> (<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Error</span>(<span class="string">'error response'</span>)); &#125;);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这里与前面不同的地方是，当失败回调的时候，我们依然需要判断http状态码，然后进行处理。</p>
<h3 id="异常处理函数errCodeHandler"><a href="#异常处理函数errCodeHandler" class="headerlink" title="异常处理函数errCodeHandler"></a>异常处理函数errCodeHandler</h3><figure class="highlight typescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 错误码获取处理</span></div><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">errCodeHandler</span>(<span class="params">res</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (res.status &gt;= <span class="number">400</span>) &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">const</span> err = errCodeTranslate(res.data.errorCode);</div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">const</span> errText = err ? <span class="string">`错误：<span class="subst">$&#123;err&#125;</span>`</span> : <span class="string">''</span>;</div><div class="line">        alert(errText);</div><div class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> (res.status &gt;= <span class="number">200</span>) &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">const</span> body = res.data;</div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (body.code !== <span class="string">'0'</span>) &#123;</div><div class="line">            <span class="keyword">const</span> err = errCodeTranslate(body.code);</div><div class="line">            <span class="keyword">const</span> errText = err ? <span class="string">`错误：<span class="subst">$&#123;err&#125;</span>`</span> : <span class="string">''</span>;</div><div class="line">            alert(errText);</div><div class="line">        &#125;</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> res;</div><div class="line">&#125;</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 错误码转换</span></div><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">errCodeTranslate</span>(<span class="params">code</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">const</span> translation = constant.errCodes;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> translation[code] || (code ? <span class="string">`错误码<span class="subst">$&#123;code&#125;</span>`</span> : <span class="string">''</span>);</div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>其中<code>constant</code>维护一些常用的转换数据，而<code>constant.errCodes</code>维护一个对象，来进行错误码的转换展示，其格式如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">constant.errCodes = &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="string">'0101010101'</span>: <span class="string">'名称重复'</span>,</div><div class="line">&#125;;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="封装易用的qHttp服务"><a href="#封装易用的qHttp服务" class="headerlink" title="封装易用的qHttp服务"></a>封装易用的qHttp服务</h2><hr>
<h3 id="包含异常处理的qHttp服务"><a href="#包含异常处理的qHttp服务" class="headerlink" title="包含异常处理的qHttp服务"></a>包含异常处理的qHttp服务</h3><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ngModule.factory(<span class="string">'qHttp'</span>, [<span class="string">'$http'</span>, ($http) =&gt; (<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">qHttp</span>(<span class="params">config</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> $http(config).then(<span class="function"><span class="params">res</span> =&gt;</span> errCodeHandler(res)).then(<span class="function"><span class="params">res</span> =&gt;</span> res.data).catch(<span class="function"><span class="params">res</span> =&gt;</span> &#123; errCodeHandler(res); <span class="keyword">throw</span> (<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Error</span>(<span class="string">'error response'</span>)); &#125;);</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> qHttp;</div><div class="line">&#125;)()])</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这里我们通过在原有$http服务外简单封装了一层，达到了提供可以自动进行异常处理，且只把data数据返回的Promise。<br>调用很简单，和$http服务基本一致：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 简单的GET请求:</span></div><div class="line">qHttp(&#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">method</span>: <span class="string">'GET'</span>,</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">url</span>: <span class="string">'/someUrl'</span></div><div class="line">&#125;).then(<span class="function"><span class="params">data</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="comment">// 处理data</span></div><div class="line">&#125;);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="对method提供简单调用"><a href="#对method提供简单调用" class="headerlink" title="对method提供简单调用"></a>对method提供简单调用</h3><p>上面的qHttp服务中，每次调用都需要手动提供method参数，我们也可以添加一些简单的处理：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ngModule.factory(<span class="string">'qHttp'</span>, [<span class="string">'$http'</span>, ($http) =&gt; (<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">qHttp</span>(<span class="params">config</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> $http(config).then(<span class="function"><span class="params">res</span> =&gt;</span> errCodeHandler(res)).then(<span class="function"><span class="params">res</span> =&gt;</span> res.data).catch(<span class="function"><span class="params">res</span> =&gt;</span> &#123; errCodeHandler(res); <span class="keyword">throw</span> (<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Error</span>(<span class="string">'error response'</span>)); &#125;);</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line">    <span class="comment">// 方便使用的方法</span></div><div class="line">    [<span class="string">'post'</span>, <span class="string">'get'</span>, <span class="string">'delete'</span>, <span class="string">'put'</span>].forEach(<span class="function"><span class="params">method</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">        qHttp[method] = <span class="function">(<span class="params">...obj</span>) =&gt;</span> $http[method](...obj).then(<span class="function"><span class="params">res</span> =&gt;</span> errCodeHandler(res)).then(<span class="function"><span class="params">res</span> =&gt;</span> res.data).catch(<span class="function"><span class="params">res</span> =&gt;</span> &#123; errCodeHandler(res); <span class="keyword">throw</span> (<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Error</span>(<span class="string">'error response'</span>)); &#125;);</div><div class="line">    &#125;);</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> qHttp;</div><div class="line">&#125;)()])</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>此时我们就可以很方便地使用qHttp服务了：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 简单的GET请求:</span></div><div class="line">qHttp.get(&#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">url</span>: <span class="string">'/someUrl'</span></div><div class="line">&#125;).then(<span class="function"><span class="params">data</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="comment">// 处理data</span></div><div class="line">&#125;);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>至于为什么我们使用angular的$http服务呢，虽然我们的后续规划倾向是尽量脱离angular而使用ES6的modules来进行，但是后面我们会说到一个比较好用的服务: angular的mock模拟数据服务。</p>
<h2 id="结束语"><a href="#结束语" class="headerlink" title="结束语"></a>结束语</h2><hr>
<p>这节主要简单介绍了简单封装$http服务、进行错误码处理的过程。当然大家也可以自行发挥，根据具体情况封装易用的服务，像如果通过JSON传输，就可以封装像postJSON/putJSON等方法，代码中也有提供，大家可以去翻翻看<a href="https://github.com/godbasin/godbasin.github.io/tree/blog-codes/angular-free/5-http-error-code-handle/app/shared/services/HttpServices.ts" target="_blank" rel="external">HttpServices</a>这个文件。<br><a href="https://github.com/godbasin/godbasin.github.io/tree/blog-codes/angular-free/5-http-error-code-handle" target="_blank" rel="external">此处查看项目代码</a></p>
  
		
		<p style="margin-top:50px;">查看Github有更多内容噢：<a href="https://github.com/godbasin">https://github.com/godbasin</a></p>
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	<img src="https://github-imglib-1255459943.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/2code2.jpg" width="200" height="200" style="display:block;margin: 0 auto;" />
	<p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;">码生艰难，写文不易，给我家猪囤点猫粮了喵~</p>
	<div class="author-right">
  		<p>作者：被删</p>
  		<p>出处：<a href="https://godbasin.github.io">https://godbasin.github.io</a></p>
  		<p>本文版权归作者所有，欢迎转载，但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明，且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接，否则保留追究法律责任的权利。</p>
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  <strong class="toc-title">文章目录</strong>
  <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#http"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">$http</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Promise"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Promise</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#angular的-http服务"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">angular的$http服务</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#异常处理服务"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">异常处理服务</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#位于data中的错误码"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">位于data中的错误码</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#位于http状态码中的错误码"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">位于http状态码中的错误码</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#异常处理函数errCodeHandler"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">异常处理函数errCodeHandler</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#封装易用的qHttp服务"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">封装易用的qHttp服务</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#包含异常处理的qHttp服务"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">包含异常处理的qHttp服务</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#对method提供简单调用"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">对method提供简单调用</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol>
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